The role of Turkey in the European energy market

The essay in this Med-Agenda aims to examine the role of Turkey in the global energy market within the context of European Energy Security. In the essay we have attempted to answer the following questions: What will the future role of Turkey be in the global energy market? As is usually argued, can Turkey play a leading role as an energy hub or an energy corridor/transit land in the European Union’s energy security? As conclusion we may argue that Russia will continue to match the European demand for natural gas by diversifying transportation routes in the coming decades. For the time being, Turkey can take a part in Gastrom energy policy and European energy security as a transit land and in the meanwhile can cover its own consumption demand for energy

Carbon Pricing and the Transition from Voluntary to Mandatory Markets

The current national and global call for a coordinated and meaningful response to climate change concerns is certain to shift the United States from several regional and voluntary carbon markets today to a global compulsory market in the near future. In addition to the clear environmental benefits, this changing landscape will result in groups of carbon market "winners" and "losers" – some market segments will gain favor and market share while others will lose economic opportunity. The competitive disadvantage for traditional energy in a carbon-priced world will be a catalyst for market-driven innovations in renewable energy, and sustainable development. There are many opportunities where Austin and Texas stand to gain as larger carbon pricing components are realized. This primer looks to explore the political, economic, and design considerations that will affect the development of the carbon market.IC2 Institut

What about Coal?: Interactions between Climate Policies and the Global Steam Coal Market until 2030

Because of economic growth and a strong increase in global energy demand the demand for fossil fuels and therefore also greenhouse gas emissions are increasing, although climate policy should lead to the opposite effect. The coal market is of special relevance as coal is available in many countries and often their first choice to meet energy demand. In this paper we assess possible interactions between climate policies and the global steam coal market. Possible market adjustments between demand centers through market effects are investigated with a numerical model of the global steam coal market until 2030: the "COALMOD-World" model. The COALMOD-World model is an equilibrium model that computes future trade flows, infrastructure investments and prices until 2030. We investigate three specific designs of climate policy: a unilateral European climate policy, an Indonesian export-limiting policy and a carbon capture and storage (CCS) fast-roll out policy in the broader context of climate policy and market constraints. We find that market adjustment effects in the coal market can have significant positive and negative impacts on the effectiveness of climate policies.climate policy, future coal production, energy, numerical modeling, international trade

The Global Market for Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) provides an economic means to transport natural gas over long distances, bringing production from remote gas reserves to market. A large expansion in global LNG trade is currently under way, and Australia is likely to emerge as the second largest supplier globally in coming years. This article describes the functioning of the global LNG market and outlines Australia's position within the market.LNG; liquefied natural gas; natural gas; resources; commodities; energy; exports; fossil fuel; market

Global agricultural market trends revisited: The roles of energy prices and biofuel production

Global agricultural market, trends energy prices, biofuel production, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries,

Risk-oriented approach to competition assessment in the global renewable energy sources market

The growing pace of renewable energy development favors a significant change in global energy market conditions. This is due to the crisis of traditional energy, the emergence of new energy sources and arrival of new market players. As a result, forecasting the state of the energy market and assessing the potential of individual regions in terms of the development of renewable energy sources (RES) is becoming quite a difficult task. The article presents a structural analysis of the global energy market in the aspect of studying the dynamics of new capacity and actual production of renewable energy by country and type of energy sources. As a result of the analysis, the author has grouped countries participating in the market on the basis of indicator values reached: front-runners, average performers and stragglers. The author presents an approach for assessing competition in the global renewable energy market – a “thermometer” of competition. Its features include assessment of aggregate specific risk that is unique for each energy market country-member. The final assessment of the “temperature” in the global energy market is based on taking into account the total aggregate risk in one of the three zones of the “thermometer” scale. The results of the study will be used for improving the presented approach, developing an integrated methodology for the ranking of regions in the energy market, and the practice-based assessment of competition in the global market of renewable energy, taking into account the potential of individual participants. © 2018 WIT Press.2 GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET The study of the global renewable energy market is based on the assessment of maximum capacity and actual production in the energy market, including the regional aspect. Market research was conducted using statistical data published by the International Renewable Energy Agency [1], [2], Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st. Century [3], [4] and other sources [7], [8].6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The work was supported with a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project № 17-78-10039)

China’s foreign oil policy: genesis, deployment and selected effects

China is a rising global power with a growing role and impact on the world’s energy markets as well as on the Earth’s climate system. China pursues its development in an essentially non-confrontational manner, a vision encapsulated by the notion of peaceful rise which is viewed positively in the world’s major capitals. Nevertheless, China’s rapid growth represents a genuine global challenge and raises many questions. How is China dealing with its growing need for imported crude oil? What is the impact of China’s rise on the global oil market, notably in terms of oil price developments? Are Chinese actions on oil markets different from those of other major importers? What opportunities and risks arise as a result of china’s growing role on the global oil market from the viewpoint of other global players? In this report we seek to offer some answers to those questions with a review of China’s developing energy policy, of the actions and revealed preferences of its national oil companies, and of broader economic and geopolitical analyses of the impact of China’s growing oil consumption on other global players.Crude oil, energy security, oil security, China, foreign oil policy

Energy efficiency in transition: do market-oriented economic reforms matter?

Global climate change and security of supply concerns pose significant challenges for sustainable development as well as the need to improve energy efficiency in transition and developing economies. Meanwhile, economic theory suggests that market-based economic policies and reforms are crucial for accelerating energy efficiency in developing and transition countries. Hence, this paper analyses the impacts of several market-oriented economic reforms on energy efficiency in the transition countries. The transition countries experienced a rapid marketization process that saw their economies transformed from central planning towards more market based economies since the early 1990s. The econometric results from the bias corrected fixed-effect analysis (LSDVC) suggest that both large and small scale privatisation process has been the sole driver of energy efficiency in transition countries. However, the lack of suitable institutions to support overall-market reforms implies that other market based economic reforms remain ineffective in improving energy efficiency in transition countries.market reforms, energy efficiency, transition countries, institutions

Brief presentation of the wordl fossil energy market

The beginning of the third millennium brought the globalization of the worldwide energy market. The fossil fuels, especially petroleum resources are, generally, limited and concentrated in few regions and the world energy market becomes more and more dependent of some “key regions”: the Middle East, the Caspian Sea Region, Russian Federation-Siberia. The great consumers try to consolidate their position in the regions reach in energy resources. And this is happening while growing economies, such as China and India begin to dominate the global demand for energy and push higher the oil prices worldwide. World market energy consumption is projected to increase by 57 percent from 2004 to 2030. China and India together account for 45 percent of the increase of the energy demand.fossil fuels, reserves-to-production (r/p) ratio, producers, suppliers, consumption